Distemper Canino en Uruguay
Diagnóstico molecular y caracterización filogenética de cepas circulantes (2021-2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29155/VET.62.225.3Palabras clave:
Distemper canino, Diagnóstico molecular, EpidemiologíaResumen
El virus del distemper canino (CDV) es una infección vírica muy contagiosa que causa inmunosupresión y afecta cánidos domésticos y salvajes con una elevada mortalidad. Este estudio analizó retrospectivamente casos diagnosticados de CDV remitidos al Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Microbiológico de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de la República (Montevideo, Uruguay) entre 2021 y 2023. Se procesaron 251 muestras, sobre todo de Montevideo (85 %) y se detectó CDV en 119 mediante RT-qPCR. No hubo diferencias significativas por sexo, y los caninos menores de 2 años fueron más susceptibles (71,4 %). Un 60 % de los casos no estaban vacunados, mientras que un 28 % presentaban plan de vacunación completo, lo que sugiere posibles fallas vacunales. Los caninos mestizos fueron los más afectados, pero el CDV se detectó en varias razas. Los signos principales fueron nerviosos, seguidos por respiratorios, digestivos y dermatológicos; un 24 % presentó signos combinados. El análisis filogenético sugiere un linaje predominante de CDV en Uruguay, con algunas cepas divergentes. Comprender la epidemiología y la presentación clínica del CDV en Uruguay es fundamental para mejorar las estrategias de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento.
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