Un desintoxicante de arcilla y algas reduce la biodisponibilidad oral de una mezcla de micotoxinas en pollos de engorde en un estudio toxicocinético

Resumen

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has determined that studies focusing only on animal performance are insufficient to demonstrate the effectiveness of mycotoxin detoxifiers and that in vivo testing of these products to assess their efficacy are needed. Therefore, a toxicokinetic study was performed to determine the effects of an algae-clay detoxifier on the oral absorption of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broiler chickens. The study included 16 male broiler chickens (Ross 308). After an acclimatization period of one week, the broiler chickens were fasted for 12 h and then administered a single oral bolus with either the mycotoxins (n=8) or the mycotoxins in combination with the detoxifier (n=8) (2.0 mg AFB1/kg BW, 0.5 mg DON/kg BW, 0.25 mg OTA/kg BW, 2.5 g detoxifier/kg feed). Blood samples of the 16 broiler chickens were taken in heparinized tubes at the following time points: 0h (before administration) and 0.08, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h (post administration, p.a.). The analysis of deoxynivalenol-3-sulphate (DON-3S, DON main metabolite), OTA and AFB1 in plasma was performed using UHPLC-MS/MS. The following parameters were calculated: area under the curve from time zero to the last point above the LOQ (AUC0→t) and relative oral bioavailability ((average AUC0->t mycotoxin + detoxifier / average AUC0->t mycotoxin) * 100). Results showed that, using the oral bolus model, the detoxifier significantly altered the AUC0->12h of DON-3S in broiler chicken (P=0.01). The relative oral bioavailability of DON-3S when administered with the detoxifier was 60.1 %. For OTA, the detoxifier decreased the absorption of OTA as indicated by a significantly decreased AUC0->24h (P<0.01). Consequently, the relative oral bioavailability of OTA when administered with the detoxifier was lowered as well, 55.7 %. For AFB1, the detoxifier affected the absorption of AFB1 with a significantly decreased AUC0->8h (P<0.001), and the relative oral bioavailability of AFB1 when administered with the detoxifier was 35.9 %. Therefore, it can be concluded that the tested algae-clay detoxifier reduces the oral absorption of multiple mycotoxins orally administered to broiler chickens in a single oral bolus model.